What is Sepsis, Who Can Get It, and How Do I Prevent It?

Sepsis is a serious medical condition that requires immediate attention and can affect anyone, regardless of age or health. It is crucial to understand what sepsis is, how it develops, and what steps you can take to reduce the risks. This guide will provide an in-depth look at sepsis, offering vital information to help you identify its symptoms and take action. 

What is Sepsis? 

The Sepsis Alliance defines sepsis as “the body’s overwhelming and life-threatening response to infection that can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and death.” Similarly, the UK Sepsis Trust describes it as your body’s overactive and toxic response to an infection. 

According to NHS Inform, sepsis also commonly referred to as blood poisoning, occurs when the immune system overreacts to an infection or injury. Under normal circumstances, the immune system fights infections to protect the body. However, in cases of sepsis, it mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues and organs (World Health Organisation). 

Mayo Clinic say that if sepsis is not treated immediately, it can lead to organ failure, septic shock, and even death. Early diagnosis and treatment are vital to preventing severe complications. Fortunately, when identified quickly, sepsis can often be treated effectively with antibiotics and other medical interventions (NHS). 

End Sepsis say that it’s important to note that sepsis is not contagious. While the underlying infection may spread between individuals, sepsis itself does not transfer from person to person. 

How Does Sepsis Develop? 

According to End Sepsis, sepsis typically begins as a regular infection, such as a urinary tract infection, pneumonia, or a wound infection. However, End Sepsis say that if the infection spreads into the bloodstream or triggers an extreme immune response, it can escalate into sepsis. 

According to Sepsis Alliance, the progression of sepsis can be rapid and life-threatening. Toxins released by the infection can cause inflammation throughout the body, leading to a dangerous cycle where organs begin to shut down. In severe cases, this can result in septic shock, where blood pressure drops to dangerously low levels, reducing blood flow to vital organs like the brain, heart, and kidneys. 

Who Can Get Sepsis? 

Unfortunately, anyone can develop sepsis, making it unpredictable and challenging to prevent entirely. However, certain groups are more vulnerable due to weakened immune systems or underlying health conditions. Those at a higher risk of sepsis include: 

• Babies under one year old (especially if born prematurely or if their mother had an infection during pregnancy). 

• Elderly individuals, particularly those aged 75 and older. 

• People with diabetes, as they are more prone to infections. 

• Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy, organ transplant recipients, or people living with conditions like HIV/AIDS. 

• Patients who have recently had surgery or a severe illness, as their bodies may be less able to fight infections. 

• Women who have recently given birth, had a miscarriage, or undergone an abortion, as they are more susceptible to infections during this period. 

(NHS) 

How Do I Spot the Signs of Sepsis? 

According to the UK Sepsis Trust, sepsis can often pose as a regular infection, making it challenging to diagnose in its early stages. However, there are specific warning signs that should never be ignored. If you or someone you know experiences any of the following symptoms outline by the NHS, seek medical attention immediately: 

• Slurred speech or confusion. 

• Extreme shivering or muscle pain. 

• Passing no urine in a day. 

• Severe breathlessness. 

• A feeling of impending doom, like you’re going to die. 

• Mottled, pale, or discoloured skin. 

In children, the signs of sepsis can include: 

• Breathing very fast. 

• A rash that does not fade when pressed. 

• A high-pitched cry or unusual crying. 

• Sleepiness or difficulty waking. 

• A baby not feeding properly or vomiting repeatedly. 

It is always better to err on the side of caution. If you suspect sepsis, call 111 for advice in the UK or dial 999 in an emergency. Early intervention is key to improving outcomes. 

How Do I Prevent Sepsis? 

While sepsis itself cannot be fully prevented, the NHS says that there are steps you can take to reduce the risk of infections that could lead to sepsis. These include: 

1. Stay up to date with vaccinations. This is particularly important for babies, older adults, and pregnant women. Vaccines can protect against infections like the flu and pneumonia, which can potentially lead to sepsis. 
2. Clean and care for wounds properly. Even small cuts or scrapes should be cleaned and monitored for signs of infection. 
3. Follow prescribed antibiotic courses. If you are prescribed antibiotics for an infection, always complete the full course, even if you start to feel better. 
4. Practice good hygiene. Washing your hands regularly and teaching children to do the same can significantly reduce the spread of infections. 

By adopting these habits, you can lower the likelihood of infections and, in turn, reduce the risk of sepsis. 

How is Sepsis Treated? 

Sepsis is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment in a hospital setting. Once diagnosed, the NHS says doctors typically administer antibiotics to fight the underlying infection within an hour of arriving at the hospital. In some cases, intravenous fluids, oxygen therapy, or even surgery may be necessary to remove the source of the infection. 

For individuals experiencing septic shock, intensive care may be required to stabilise their blood pressure and ensure adequate blood flow to vital organs. 

Recovery from Sepsis 

The UK Sepsis Trust say that recovery from sepsis varies depending on its severity, how quickly it was treated, and the overall health of the individual. While some people recover fully, others may experience long-term effects, often referred to as post-sepsis syndrome. These can include: 

• Fatigue or weakness. 

• Difficulty concentrating (sometimes called “brain fog”). 

• Anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 

• Chronic pain or discomfort. 

It’s important to take recovery at your own pace, gradually building up strength and seeking support from healthcare professionals, family, or support groups. Organisations such as the UK Sepsis Trust can provide valuable resources for individuals and families affected by sepsis. 

Legal Support for Sepsis Negligence Claims 

While sepsis itself can occur without the fault of someone else, there are instances where delays in diagnosis or treatment may result from medical negligence in which individuals or their families may be entitled to recover compensation ( or bring a claim). 

At Fletchers Solicitors, we specialise in handling medical negligence cases, including those related to sepsis. Our experienced team of solicitors understand the devastating impact that delayed or inadequate sepsis treatment can have on individuals and their families. We are committed to helping clients seek the justice and compensation they deserve. 

How Fletchers Solicitors Can Help 

Our dedicated medical negligence team at Fletchers Solicitors offers: 

• Free initial consultations to discuss your case and determine if you have a claim. 

• Expert legal advice from specialists with extensive experience in sepsis-related cases. 

• Support on a No Win, No Fee basis, meaning you won’t have to pay any legal fees unless your claim is successful. 

Contact Us Today 

If you or a loved one has been affected by sepsis due to medical negligence, don’t hesitate to reach out. We are here to support you every step of the way. Contact us today for a free, no-obligation consultation.