What you need to know about breast cancer in men

Breast cancer is often thought of as a disease that only affects women, but breast cancer in men is a reality, even if it is rare (Cancer Research UK). While men have far less breast tissue than women, they can still develop cancer in this area. Raising awareness is crucial, as many men are unaware they could be at risk, leading to late diagnoses and poorer outcomes.

Despite making up less than 1% of all breast cancer cases, men must be aware of any changes in their chest area. Understanding the symptoms, risk factors, and importance of early detection can significantly improve prognosis and treatment success rates. In this article, we will discuss everything you need to know about breast cancer in men, including symptoms, causes, and what to do if you suspect something is wrong.

What is Breast Cancer in Men?

Breast cancer in men occurs when cells in the small amount of breast tissue they have behind the nipple begin to grow uncontrollably. Over time, these cells can form tumours. Whilst these tumours are often benign they can sometimes be malignant or cancerous. (Yale Medicine).

NHS Inform say that most cases of breast cancer in men are diagnosed in those over 60, but it can develop at any age. Due to the lack of awareness and rarity of the disease, many cases are diagnosed later than they should be (NIH). This can make treatment more challenging and affect survival rates.

Although most lumps found in male breast tissue are benign, breast cancer.org say that it is essential to have any unusual changes checked by a doctor as soon as possible.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer in Men

Recognising the symptoms of breast cancer in men early is crucial for effective treatment. The NHS advises that men should be aware of the following signs:

• A lump in the breast or armpit – usually hard, painless, and does not move within the tissue.
• Nipple discharge – fluid leaking from the nipple, which may be streaked with blood.
• Skin changes – a sore, rash, or redness around the nipple that does not go away.
• Swelling or hardness – the nipple or surrounding skin becomes firm, red, or swollen.

It is important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by non-cancerous conditions, but they should not be ignored. Any changes in the breast area should be assessed by a medical professional as soon as possible.

Causes and Risk Factors

While the exact cause of breast cancer in men is not always known, the NHS outlines certain factors can increase the risk:

• Age – Most cases are diagnosed in men over 60.
• Genetics – A family history of breast cancer, particularly inherited BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations, can significantly raise the risk.
• Hormonal imbalances – High oestrogen levels (due to conditions such as liver disease, obesity, or hormone therapy) may contribute to an increased risk.
• Radiation exposure – Previous exposure to radiation therapy, particularly in the chest area, can increase the likelihood of developing breast cancer.
• Lifestyle factors – Smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, poor diet, and lack of exercise may all play a role in raising the risk.

If you have any of these risk factors, it is essential to remain aware of changes in your breast tissue and discuss concerns with a doctor.

Why Early Diagnosis Matters

When caught early, breast cancer is highly treatable (Cancer Research UK). Late-stage diagnoses, however, can mean that the disease has spread to other areas, making treatment more complex (NHS Inform).

Seeking Medical Advice and Diagnosis

If you notice any of the symptoms mentioned earlier, it is important to see a GP as soon as possible. NHS Inform say that your doctor may refer you for tests such as:

• A mammogram – an X-ray of the breast to detect abnormal growths.
• Ultrasound – uses sound waves to examine lumps and determine whether they are solid (potentially cancerous) or fluid-filled (likely benign).
• Biopsy – a small sample of tissue is taken and examined under a microscope to confirm whether cancer is present. 

Treatment options vary depending on the stage and type of cancer but may include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy.

Legal Support for Delayed Breast Cancer Diagnosis

Given the rarity of breast cancer in men, it is sometimes overlooked, leading to misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis. If this has happened to you or a loved one, it may have resulted in unnecessary suffering.

At Fletchers Solicitors, we specialise in cancer negligence claims, including cases where a delay in diagnosing cancer has led to avoidable complications. If you believe that a medical professional failed to recognise the signs of your illness in time, you may be entitled to compensation.

To find out more about your legal options, contact our expert team today.