Your Questions Answered: A GP’s Advice on Cervical Screening 

Jennifer Walmsley is a General Practitioner (GP) based in Doncaster. She offers support to the Fletchers team in advocating for the public and their legal rights, and has worked alongside the Firm on numerous internal initiatives. Here, we discuss with Jennifer why cervical cancer screening is so important, and break down some common misconceptions. 

Jennifer has worked as a General Practitioner (GP) for over a decade. With a wealth of experience behind her, she is passionate about advocating for better health and wellness. 

In addition to her medical qualifications, Jennifer is a registered health coach and a UKIHCA Workplace Whole-health and Wellness Ambassador. She takes a human-centred approach to her work, empowering individuals to restore, maintain, and optimise their health and wellbeing. 

Jennifer is especially passionate about women’s health — including menstrual and menopausal wellbeing. For Cervical Screening Awareness Week 2025, we spoke to her about why cervical screening appointments are so important and what to expect. Many people feel nervous about attending cervical screening appointments (formerly known as “pap smear tests”), so Jennifer also breaks down common myths and shares advice to help you feel more prepared. 

Why are cervical screenings so important, and what role do they play in preventing cervical cancer? 

Cervical screenings are crucial because they can detect pre-cancerous cells long before they have the chance to develop into cervical cancer. 

Early detection is key — when cervical cancer is caught early, it’s highly treatable. However, cervical cancer often doesn’t cause symptoms in its early stages. This means by the time symptoms appear, the disease may already be advanced. 

Regular screening reduces the risk of undetected changes developing into cancer and especially into later, less treatable stages. Detecting abnormalities early allows for timely intervention and significantly increases the chance of full recovery. 

Cervical screening tests for a virus called HPV (Human Papillomavirus) which is a cause of cervical cancer. Teenagers today are routinely offered the HPV vaccination, which has been available in the UK since 2008. The vaccine has already contributed to a global reduction in cervical cancer cases, and there’s hope it may one day lead to eradication. However, it’s vital to understand that having the vaccine doesn’t eliminate the need for cervical screenings, as it does not protect against all types of HPV. 

If you weren’t vaccinated as a teenager but are now under 25, you may still be eligible for the vaccine through your GP. 

What should someone expect during a cervical screening appointment — is it as uncomfortable as people fear? 

There’s no denying that a cervical screening isn’t something most people look forward to. However, it’s usually a quick and straightforward procedure, and practice nurses are highly experienced – they carry out these tests regularly and understand how to make the process as smooth as possible. 

Anxiety can lead to increased muscle tension, which may make the test more uncomfortable. Try to stay as relaxed as you can. Don’t hesitate to ask your nurse any questions – they’re there to reassure and support you. 

The procedure itself takes only a few minutes. Once it’s done, depending on your age, you won’t need another for three to five years. In addition, it has very recently been announced that the time scale may be increased to a 5-year interval for all age groups, as long as the routine screening result shows no HPV. 

If you’re peri- or post-menopausal, you might experience vaginal dryness, which can make the test more uncomfortable. A helpful tip is to ask your GP in advance for a topical oestrogen prescription to use in the couple of weeks leading up to your appointment. This can make a big difference to your comfort during the screening. 

Preparing for your appointment in advance and making sure you are informed of exactly what will happen will allow you to feel more empowered going into your cervical screening, so don’t be afraid to ask questions and seek support.  

There are still a lot of myths around cervical screenings. What are some of the most common misconceptions you hear, and how would you address them? 

One of the most common myths is that cervical screenings involve “scraping” – a word that understandably creates fear and discomfort. In reality, no scraping is involved at all. 

The procedure involves a tiny, soft brush that gently collects cells from the cervix with a sweeping motion. It’s very quick and should not be painful, though it may feel a little uncomfortable for a few seconds. 

At what age should people start attending cervical screenings, and how often should they be done? 

Currently in the UK, cervical screenings start at age 25. From 25 to 49, people are invited for screening every 3 years. From age 50 to 64, the frequency reduces to every 5 years, as the risk of cervical cancer decreases with age.  

If your screening results show anything abnormal, you may be asked to attend more frequently (such as in 6 or 12 months) so that any issues can be monitored. Sometimes referral to a local colposcopy clinic is arranged if a more detailed check of the cervix is needed. Early treatments can be received in this out-patient setting too.  

What symptoms should people watch for, and when should they see a GP? 

Some symptoms of cervical cancer overlap with other conditions, which can make them easy to overlook. However, you should never ignore: 

• Unusual bleeding — between periods, after sex, or at any unexpected times 

• Changes in discharge, especially if it is bloody or unusual 

• Pelvic pain, especially after intercourse or unrelated to a period 

• Unexplained weight loss or swollen lymph nodes in the groin 

If you notice any of these signs, contact your GP. 

In my eleven years as a GP, I’ve only seen one patient present with late-stage cervical cancer symptoms. Every other diagnosis I’ve encountered was made thanks to a routine screening, which shows just how effective — and important — these appointments are. 

Some people avoid screenings due to anxiety or past trauma. What advice or reassurance would you offer? 

It’s completely natural to feel nervous, and for some, past experiences can make medical appointments especially challenging. 

If you feel anxious, consider contacting your practice nurse ahead of time to discuss your concerns or even arrange a short meeting to talk things through. This can help make the experience feel more manageable. 

You have the right to request a female nurse and/or a female chaperone — and in most cases, these appointments are already carried out by women. If it helps you feel more at ease, you can also bring a trusted friend or family member into the room with you. There will be a screen to protect your privacy. 

What rights do people have regarding second opinions or support during exams? 

As a patient, you have the right to: 

• Request a chaperone for any appointment 

• Decline a chaperone if you prefer privacy 

• Bring someone you know into the room with you 

• Ask for a second opinion, if you’re concerned about your results or care 

However, it’s important to note that NHS cervical screenings can only be carried out through the NHS screening programme as scheduled. If you have concerns outside of regular screening, your GP can review this with you and refer you to a specialist (gynaecologist) if needed. 

Any tips for after your cervical screening appointment? 

Absolutely — my top tip is to build in some time for self-care after your appointment. Whether it’s going for a hot drink, taking a quiet walk, or simply heading home to relax, give yourself a moment to decompress if needed. 

Booking and attending your screening is a powerful act of self-care — and something to be proud of. Acknowledge the courage it takes and give yourself credit for prioritising your wellbeing. 

More information on cervical screening awareness

Cervical screening can feel daunting, but it’s a small step that plays a big role in protecting your future health. As Jennifer says, being informed and supported makes a world of difference — and no one should feel alone in the process. 

For more information about cervical screenings, check out the NHS website.  

Please remember that this is general advice, if you have any specific queries, please contact your GP.